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How to Cite a Website

Citing a website comes down to five pieces of information — author, date, page title, site name, URL — arranged differently by each style. Find those five things and any style follows.

Below: the same web page in all five major formats, where to find each piece, and the fallback rules when a page hides its author or date.

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One page, five styles

Same facts, different arrangement: APA leads with the date, MLA puts the title in quotes with Title Case, Harvard adds Available at:, IEEE numbers the entry. The generator renders all five from one paste.

APA 7

Alvarez, M. (2024, March 18). How memory consolidation works during sleep. Science Daily. https://www.sciencedaily.com/memory-consolidation-sleep

MLA 9

Alvarez, Maria. "How memory consolidation works during sleep." Science Daily, 18 Mar. 2024, https://www.sciencedaily.com/memory-consolidation-sleep. Accessed 1 June 2026.

Chicago

Alvarez, Maria. "How memory consolidation works during sleep." Science Daily. March 18, 2024. https://www.sciencedaily.com/memory-consolidation-sleep.

Harvard

Alvarez, M. (2024) How memory consolidation works during sleep. Available at: https://www.sciencedaily.com/memory-consolidation-sleep (Accessed: 1 June 2026).

IEEE

M. Alvarez, "How memory consolidation works during sleep," Science Daily. https://www.sciencedaily.com/memory-consolidation-sleep (accessed June 1, 2026).

Finding the five pieces

  • Author — the byline at the top of the article, or the "About" page for organizational authorship. Not the webmaster, not the CMS.
  • Date — under the byline, or at the article's end ("Last updated…"). Check both.
  • Page title — the headline on the page itself, not the browser tab (which often appends the site name).
  • Site name — the publication's name as it brands itself: Science Daily, not sciencedaily.com.
  • URL — the full address of the specific page. Cite the page you read, never just the homepage.

When pieces are missing

No author → the title moves into the author position (APA, MLA) or the entry starts with the title (Chicago). No date → APA writes (n.d.), Harvard (no date), MLA leans on the access date. No site name → use a cleaned-up domain. Every style has a defined fallback — the generator applies the right one automatically, so a sparse page still produces a valid citation.

Access dates: who requires them

Harvard: required — (Accessed: 12 June 2026). MLA: recommended for undated or changing pages. IEEE: included parenthetically — (accessed Jun. 12, 2026). APA: only for content designed to change (wikis, dashboards). Chicago: when no publication date exists. The generator records the access date at generation time and formats it per style.

Special web sources, handled

Most "how do I cite a ___?" questions about the web reduce to the same five pieces with one twist each:

  • News articles — the newspaper or outlet is the container/site name; the journalist is the author.
  • Blog posts — same as articles; the blog name is the container. Personal blogs: the blogger is author and effectively the site.
  • Videos — channel as author, platform as container, timestamp instead of pages for quotes: full YouTube guide.
  • Social media posts — the account as author; the post text (up to ~20 words) stands in for a title; platform as site.
  • Government pages and reports — the agency as author; skip the site name when it repeats the agency: report patterns.
  • Online encyclopedias/wikis — entry title as the page; these are 'changing content,' so APA wants a retrieval date here.

In-text citations for web sources

The wrinkle with websites is the missing page number. APA: (Alvarez, 2024) for paraphrases; for quotes, count paragraphs — (Alvarez, 2024, para. 3) — or name a section. MLA: author alone, (Alvarez); never invent numbering the page doesn't have. Harvard: (Alvarez, 2024) with no page needed. Chicago notes: the footnote simply omits the page. IEEE: the bracket [4] carries no locator anyway.

No author in any style → a shortened title stands in: ("How Memory Consolidation Works," 2024) in APA; ("How Memory") in MLA.

Is this web page citable at all?

Citing it correctly doesn't make it a good source. The two-minute credibility check: a named author or accountable organization · a date · an outlet with editorial standards · claims that themselves cite evidence · a purpose that isn't purely selling. Anonymous, undated pages on ad-farms format just as nicely as journal articles — graders penalize the source, not the formatting. When a web page cites a study, chase the study and cite that directly; it's both stronger evidence and a better citation.

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Frequently asked questions

Should I cite the website or the homepage?
The specific page you used — full URL included. Citing a homepage for an article on a subpage is the most common website-citation mistake.
How do I cite a website with no author?
Start with the page title in the author's place. In-text, a shortened title stands in for the author: ("Title Words," 2024) in APA, ("Title Words") in MLA.
Do I cite a website differently from an online journal article?
Yes — if it has a DOI or volume/issue, it's a journal article and follows the journal format even though you read it online. Use the DOI tab in the generator for those.
What about pages that no longer exist?
Cite what you used, with the access date. If the page is gone, link an archived version (web.archive.org) where your style permits.

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